Module 1: Types of Dementia and different approaches for professionals

Introduction

This module is the basis for understanding the person with dementia, their preconditions and how you as a professional or non – professional caregiver can co- assist in making their everyday life meaningful and increase the person’s quality of life.

Types of Dementia and different approaches

• Dementia is a collective term for the state of a number of diseases, which are characterized by permanent weakening of mental functions. Alzheimers dementia is the most common, followed by Vascular Dementia, Lewy Body Dementia and Frontotemporal Dementia.
• The British scientist, Tom Kitwood emphasizes that the person retains his value as a human being throughout the process of the disease. As a human being, one needs to be valued in a community.
• According to Tom Kitwood, the person-centered approach is to see the person with dementia as an equal person with feelings, rights, wishes and a life story. The good practice in the person-centered care must always fight the three ailments in old age: Loneliness,boredom and helplessness.

Aim/objectives

• The student knows the course of dementia and how it is subdivided due to severity and he /she can recognize the different types of dementia and what influence it has on the person.
• The student has improved his/her understanding of the main concept of Person Centered Care Model as presented by Tom Kitwood.
• The last objective is to give the student practical advice on how understand and care for a person with dementia.

Learning outcomes

By the end of this session the student will be able to:

• Understand how the disease affects a person and how the person sees the world ( to some degree).
• Care for the person with dementia with appreciativeness, respect for them as persons and understand the bacis needs people with dementia must be helped to fullfill.
• Understand and use some good advice in caring for people with dementia.

Synopsis

This module is made for professionals who have some knowledge on caretaking, psychology and how the human body is functioning.

The module reviews the diseases of dementia their course, severity, common symptoms, how to approach someone with dementia and some good advice.

• The first chapter is “Dementia, symptoms and different types”. We go through the most common forms of dementia: Alzheimer’s, Vascular Dementia, Dementia with Lewy Body and Frontotemporal Dementia. It describes the characteristics of the disease, how the symptoms evolve, what is causing the disease and if there is a hereditary element. Beside the common forms of dementia, a vast number of other diseases can cause dementia (over 200 different types) and a few of them are mentioned.
• The second chapter is about how to care for people with dementia “Approach to care according to Tom Kitwood”. When we talk about “approach”, Tom Kitwood has laid the ground for most theories on how to deal with the person with dementia – there is no real counterpart. The chapter goes, very shortly, through his theory: His definition of dementia, his focus on psychological needs, which all persons have but which the person with dementia can not achieve themselves but need help to fulfill them – and how to avoid the damage of malicious social psychology. The chapter goes on showing an example of good practice in implementing person-centered care of people with dementia in nursing home. The focus is here on the everyday life, how it can be satisfying and how it is the basis of how to create a good life.
• The last chapter is more practical and it gives advice regarding how to help the person with dementia through reflection on the cooperation with him/her. Here, the most impertant part is that the caregiver learns to analyze the situation and sees the situation from the perspective of the person with dementia.

All things considered, this module should give you an understanding of dementia, understanding of the importance of the approach and practical advice on how to care for persons with dementia.

Videos

Barbara’s Story

What is dementia

Early Signs of Dementia